Some digital cameras give access to almost all the data captured by the camera, using a raw image format. Most users come into contact with raster images through digital cameras, which use any of several image file formats. The field of digital image processing is the study of algorithms for their transformation. They can also be synthesized from arbitrary non-image data, such as mathematical functions or three-dimensional geometric models the latter being a major sub-area of computer graphics. Raster images can be created by a variety of input devices and techniques, such as digital cameras, scanners, coordinate-measuring machines, seismographic profiling, airborne radar, and more. These values are often transmitted or stored in a compressed form. Typically, the pixels are stored in computer memory as a raster image or raster map, a two-dimensional array of small integers. Pixels are the smallest individual element in an image, holding quantized values that represent the brightness of a given color at any specific point. The digital image contains a fixed number of rows and columns of pixels. Raster images have a finite set of digital values, called picture elements or pixels.
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